Wind Chill:
The perceived temperature resulting from the effect of wind, in combination with cold air, which increases the rate of heat loss from the human body.
Frostbite:
Damage to body tissue caused by that tissue being frozen. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in extremities, such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, or the tip of the nose. Frostbite varies in severity from frostnip to deep frostbite, depending on the length of exposure, temperature to which the skin is exposed and wind speed. For frostnip, place firm, steady pressure from a warm hand against the area. Also blow on the surface holding the frostnipped area against the body. DO NOT rub the area, apply snow or plunge it into very hot or cold water. Victims of sever frostbite must receive prompt medical attention.
Hypothermia:
Occurs when the body temperature drops to 95 degrees F. or lower. It can develop whenever body heat loss exceeds heat gain. Hypothermia is not exclusive to winter. It can occur during the wind and rain of spring and summer. Hypothermia is often mistaken for fatigue, irritability, or dehydration and may include some of these signs: abnormal decision making; improper response to cold; apathy, lethargy; decreased cooperation; slurred speech; disorientation; shivering; stumbling; and stiffness progressing to inability to move.
Mild to moderate hypothermia conditions:
- body temperature greater than 90 degrees F.
- conscious
- shivering
- able to walk
Treatment:
- Prevent further heat loss. Dry, remove from cold and insulate.
- Re-warm by warming the body core first. Re-hydrate with warm broth.
- Seek medical attention.
Severe hypothermia:
- body temperature less than 90 degrees F.
- unconscious
- not shivering
Treatment:
- Prevent further heat loss.
- Seek immediate medical attention.
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